Proteins are composed of amino acids and the job of protein digesters (or enzymes) is to cut the proteins down into amino acids. Protease, lipase, and amylase are all examples of protein digesters.
Aspartate aminotransferase
Aspartate aminotransferase is an enzyme that helps the body to produce energy. Aspartate aminotransferase is found in the liver, heart, and kidney cells of animals, as well as in plant cells.
This enzyme converts the amino acid aspartate into oxaloacetate and alpha-ketoglutarate, which are both essential for generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the source of cellular energy. In addition, aspartate aminotransferase also aids in amino acid synthesis and metabolizes glutamate.
Aspartate aminotransferase is an enzyme that converts ammonia into the amino acid, aspartate. This enzyme is found in the liver, and when there is damage to this organ, it can be released into the bloodstream, causing elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase in the blood.
Protease
Protease is an enzyme that breaks down proteins. It can be used to help break down undigested protein in the intestines, making them easier to digest.
Pancreatic enzymes are a mixture of amylase, lipase and protease. They are produced by the pancreas and released into the duodenum to help digest food. Protease works as a digestive aid for people who have a shortage of pancreatic enzymes due to cystic fibrosis or pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas). Protease also helps decrease inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
The enzyme protease is sometimes used as a topical remedy for wounds and abscesses, although it’s not clear how effective it is for these conditions.
Because proteases break down proteins in food, some people use them as a weight loss aid. However, there’s no scientific evidence that taking proteases will speed up your metabolism or help you lose weight.
Protease is a protein which digests other proteins. Protease is a type of proteolytic enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptide chains, thus producing amino acids. Proteases are present in all animals as well as in plants, fungi and bacteria.
Proteins are the basic building blocks of the body. They form muscles, organs, tissues and enzymes. Enzymes are proteins responsible for digesting food. Digestive enzymes break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by our digestive tract and used by the body. There are three main types of digestive enzymes that break down food: Proteases (proteins), Amylases (carbohydrates) and Lipases (fats).
There are different enzymes involved in digesting proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The protease enzymes split up proteins into single amino acids or small peptides. These peptides or amino acids can then easily be absorbed through the walls of the intestines into the blood stream.
The pancreas produces a number of digestive enzymes whose functions include protein digestion such as trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase. These enzymes are secreted in an inactive form to protect the panc
Acyl coA dehydrogenase
Acyl coA dehydrogenase is not a protein digesting enzyme. Acyl coA dehydrogenase is an enzyme in the mitochondrial matrix that catalyzes the oxidation of acyl CoAs by transferring electrons from acyl CoAs to the electron transport chain via redox active lipoamide cofactors.
This process is part of beta oxidation, which is a major pathway for the catabolism of fatty acids. Protein digesting enzymes are digestive enzymes that break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids.
The main protein digesting enzymes are pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase. While these enzymes are commonly produced by animals and plants, they can also be found in bacteria and fungi.
Carbonic anhydrase
Carbonic anhydrase is a de-carbonating enzyme which acts on carbonic acid to produce carbon dioxide. Carbonic anhydrase can be found in the saliva and gastric juice.
The protein digesting enzymes are:
Pepsin – Pepsin is the main enzyme in the stomach and works best in highly acidic environments, with a pH of 1-3. It starts breaking down proteins by cleaving peptide bonds found in the carboxyl (C-terminal) end of the protein.
Trypsin – Trypsin is secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine, where it continues protein digestion. Trypsin is specific for bonds involving the carboxyl group of lysine or arginine.
Chymotrypsin – Chymotrypsin is a digestive enzyme produced by the pancreas and stored in its inactive form in small intestines. It is secreted into small intestine and converts proteins into amino acids.
Amylase
Amylase is a common enzyme found in humans and many other animals, some bacteria, and plants. Amylase is present in saliva and pancreatic fluid (pancreatic amylase) where it begins the chemical process of digestion.
Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a slightly sweet taste as they are chewed because amylase degrades some of their starch into sugar.
The pancreas also makes a glycoside hydrolase with alpha-amylase activity which is secreted into the small intestine. This form of amylase is important for the digestion of carbohydrates in most mammals.
Last words
The protein digesting enzymes do not contain covalent bonds. They have highly polar groups, which give the non-covalently bonded domains a huge charge. The digestive enzyme trypsin uses an electrically neutral surface that is positively charged and repels strongly from negatively charged regions on the peptide substrate. This results in a cell with very few interactions between them. Proteins are in their most active conformation when binding with the highest affinity to an active site on a specific enzyme molecule.